• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid vehicle (1) having at least one electric machine (EM) and at least one internal combustion engine (ICE), which is at least in a first operating range (B1) when the internal combustion engine (ICE) is stationary by the electric machine (EM). is driven, wherein in at least a second operating range (B2), the internal combustion engine (ICE) is operated, which is supplied below a minimum operating temperature heat energy from a latent heat storage (4). In order to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, it is provided that a remaining operating time (ΔtR) of the electric machine (EM) in the first operating range (B1) is estimated as a function of at least one influencing variable and the beginning (tH) of supplying heat energy from the latent heat accumulator ( 4) to the internal combustion engine (ICE) as a function of the remaining operating time (.DELTA.tR) of the electric drive machine (EM).
    公开号:AT515193A1
    申请号:T50721/2013
    申请日:2013-11-04
    公开日:2015-06-15
    发明作者:Reinhard Dipl Ing Fh Merl；Ralf Dipl Ing Kunzmann；Bernd Dipl Ing Dr Klima
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid vehicle having at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine, which is driven by the electric machine at least in a first operating range with the internal combustion engine stationary, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated in at least a second operating range, which heat energy from a latent heat storage below its operating temperature is supplied. The invention further relates to a hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one electric machine and at least one engine, which is drivable by the electric machine in at least a first operating range of a stand-alone internal combustion engine, wherein in at least one second operating range, the internal combustion engine is operable, which is supplied below a minimum operating temperature heat energy from a latent heat storage , for carrying out the method.
    From EP 1 172 538 A2 an internal combustion engine with a heat storage is known, wherein the internal combustion engine is preheated by hot water from the heat storage device. The electronic control unit of the internal combustion engine determines the necessary preheating time based on the cooling water temperature of the internal combustion engine to automatically start the internal combustion engine after the preheating operation has been completed.
    A heat storage apparatus of a warm coolant for a hybrid vehicle is disclosed in JP 2001-065384 A. This storage means for heat of a coolant recovers some coolant heated by the engine after the engine has warmed up and stores it in a heat storage tank as a warm coolant. The warm coolant heat storage device then replaces some engine coolant with the coolant stored in the heat storage tank during a cold start from the engine to heat the engine. Thereby, it is possible to improve the cold start capability of the internal combustion engine as well as to reduce the exhaust emissions.
    EP 1 199 206 A2 describes a hybrid vehicle which is driven by either an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. In a latent heat storage, at least a part of the cooling water becomes
    Engine kept warm and fed before the start of the internal combustion engine.
    From AT 506.272 A a method for operating an electric vehicle is known in which a power generating device is activated from a defined charging state of the electrical energy storage. The power generating device is designed for a mean power requirement of the electrical drive machine at a defined continuous speed of the electric vehicle in the plane, the power generating device is activated before reaching a lower operating limit of the state of charge of the electric energy storage at a defined Einschaltladezustand which is such that with respect to the lower technical operating limit an energy reserve remains in the electrical energy store to cover peak power. The Einschaltladezustand can Dabeiflexibel depending on a destination and / or a planned route be set.
    JP 2008-201165 A describes a control unit for a hybrid vehicle, wherein the on-time of the engine is determined depending on the state of charge of the energy storage based on the recorded data of completed trips and the indicated driving characteristics of an identified driver.
    AT 507 916 B1 describes a method for operating an electric vehicle, which has at least one electric drive machine, at least one electrical energy store, and at least one power generating device formed in particular by a range extender, wherein the power generating device is activated as a function of the state of charge of the electrical energy store and the travel route. Starting from a reference point which corresponds to a starting point of the travel route, all possible travel routes are simulated within a defined viewing horizon. For each of the simulated travel routes, a switch-on instant of the power generation device is prospectively determined, so that a defined charge state of the energy storage device is maintained when the viewing horizon is reached.
    In a hybrid vehicle, the operating range in which pure electric operation is possible is limited by the state of charge of the electric energy storage. When the state of charge of the electric energy storage device falls below a defined threshold, the hybrid vehicle engine is activated to drive the hybrid vehicle alone or together with the electric drive machine, or to provide electric power for driving the electric drive machine together with an electric generator. The cold start of the internal combustion engine is associated with increased emissions and increased fuel consumption.
    It is known to preheat an internal combustion engine by retrieving the heat energy from the latent heat storage. However, in vehicles with conventional drive via an internal combustion engine, the time at which the heating of the internal combustion engine is triggered by the latent heat storage can not be planned. When starting the engine, it is already too late to call the heat from the latent heat storage, but it is actually too early when the ignition is switched on.
    The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to reduce emissions and fuel consumption in a hybrid vehicle.
    According to the invention, this is achieved by estimating a remaining operating time of the electric machine in the first operating range as a function of at least one influencing variable, and by starting the supply of thermal energy from the latent heat accumulator to the internal combustion engine as a function of the remaining operating time of the electric drive machine.
    The estimation of the remaining operating time of the electric machine takes place via an electronic control unit, for example a motor control unit or a hybrid control unit. By the method according to the invention, the internal combustion engine can be optimally tempered at the starting time, which enables a reduction of emissions and fuel consumption. The formulation according to which the start of supplying the heat energy is dependent on the remaining operating time of the electric drive machine is to be understood as meaning that a balance between best achievable operating temperature of the internal combustion engine with remaining operating time of the electric drive machine is to be achieved.
    Preferably, the beginning of the supply of heat energy from the latent heat storage takes place in dependence on the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or a cooling and / or lubricating medium of the internal combustion engine. In order to determine the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or of a cooling and / or lubricating medium of the internal combustion engine, the control unit communicates with the control unit with at least one temperature sensor connected to the internal combustion engine and / or to the cooling and / or cooling medium.
    From the current temperature of the internal combustion engine, the amount of heat to be supplied depends. Only when the determined temperature is below a defined minimum operating temperature of the internal combustion engine, it is necessary to retrieve the heat energy of the latent heat storage and preheat the internal combustion engine.
    In the context of the present invention it is provided that at least one of the group of current charge state and / or capacity of the vehicle battery; average power consumption of the electric machine for an already traveled reference distance; Power consumption of currently powered-up consumer; current vehicle weight; Driving style and / or driver type; topography, weather conditions, road conditions, current traffic situation of the preceding route; Day and / or season selected and the control unit is provided via at least one source of information and the remaining operating time of the electric machine in the first operating range in response to at least this influence variable is determined by means of a calculation model by the control unit.
    The remaining operating time of the electric machine is essentially limited by the charging state or the capacity of the vehicle battery supplying the electric machine. For the estimation of the remaining operating time, the current charging state and / or the capacity of the vehicle battery is determined via at least one voltage and / or current measuring device and the remaining operating time is estimated on the basis of an average power consumption of the electrical machine for an already traveled reference path. For the estimation of the capacity of the vehicle battery, a method known for example from AT 512 745 A can be used.
    The driving style may be analyzed from acceleration, deceleration, average speed and peak speed information for already driven sections using acceleration, speed and pedal travel sensors. The result of this analysis, for example, is whether there is predominantly athletic or economical driving or is it is a sporty or economical driver type.
    Information about the topography of preceding road sections can be found from internal or external information storage, such as navigation devices, or over the Internet. The current road condition, current traffic conditions and weather conditions are most easily retrieved from an information server over an existing internet connection. Internet access for the control unit is therefore advantageous.
    In the electronic control unit of the internal combustion engine or in the hybrid control unit, the remaining operating time of the electric drive machine is estimated as a function of at least one of the aforementioned influencing variables, and thus a planned switch-on operation of the internal combustion engine is determined. Depending on the temperature of the internal combustion engine, an optimum electrical preheating time of the latent heat accumulator is calculated and, depending on the planned start of operation of the internal combustion engine, the beginning of the supply of heat energy from the latent heat accumulator to the internal combustion engine is determined. The supply of heat energy to the engine can be done indirectly via a lubricating or cooling medium, ordirekt.
    At the end of the electrical heating process, the internal combustion engine can already be operated at least partly warm. This leads to a significant reduction in the friction moments, and thus the fuel consumption and the emissions.
    To achieve the object, according to the invention, a hybrid vehicle is provided in which a remaining operating time of the electrical machine can be estimated by a control unit as a function of at least one influencing variable. unrl rlpr Rpninn Ηρς 7iiführpn <;; Un Wärmppnprnip ριις Hpm I pfpnl'wärmpinpirhpr to the internal combustion engine in dependence of the remaining operating time of the electric drive machine is adjustable. Preferably, the beginning of the supply of heat energy from the latent heat accumulator in dependence on the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or a cooling and / or lubricating medium of the internal combustion engine is adjustable by the control unit, wherein for determining the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or a cooling and / or lubricating medium of the internal combustion engine, at least a temperature sensor connected to the engine and / or the cooling and / or cooling medium is connected to the control unit.
    At least one influencing variable from the group of current state of charge and / or capacity of the vehicle battery; average power consumption of the electric machine for an already traveled reference distance; Power consumption of current power consumers, current vehicle weight, driving style and / or driver type, topography, weather conditions, road conditions, current traffic situation of the preceding route, day and / or season may be available to at least one source of information from the control unit and the remaining operating time of the electric machine in the first operating range depending on at least one of these Influence can be determined by means of a calculation model by the control unit.
    Furthermore, to determine the current state of charge and / or the capacity of the vehicle battery, the average power consumption of the electric machine for an already traveled reference distance and / or the current power consumption of the power consumer of the hybrid vehicle, the control unit with at least one current and / or voltage pickup can be connected as an information source. To determine the driving style and / or the driver type, the control unit may advantageously be connected to at least one acceleration sensor and / or pedal travel sensor as an information source.
    In the context of the invention, it is further provided that in order to determine information about the time of day and / or the season, weather conditions, topography, road conditions and / or traffic situation, the control unit is connected or connectable to at least one in-vehicle or external information storage as an information source. Frρ Frfinrinnn confused) in FnlnpnHpn on hand Ηργ fin pr epr pri
    1 shows a hybrid vehicle for carrying out the method according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows the method according to the invention in a block diagram, and FIG. 3 shows the phase of warming up and starting the internal combustion engine over time t.
    The hybrid vehicle 1 has at least one electric machine EM connected to a vehicle battery 2 for driving and an internal combustion engine ICE, which may be arranged parallel or serially in the drive train 3 of the hybrid vehicle 1. Heat energy can be stored in accordance with latent heat storage 4 and supplied to the internal combustion engine ICE before the starting process, wherein the internal combustion engine ICE is heated directly or via a lubricating or cooling medium 6. In the context of the present disclosure, a latent heat store 4 is understood to mean a device which allows the storage of heat in a vehicle in any desired form. The latent heat storage 4 has, for example, a phase change material as a storage medium, which emits previously absorbed amounts of heat as heat of crystallization again. The latent heat storage 4 may optionally be heated by an electric heater 5, the electric heater 5 being powered by the vehicle battery 2.
    The temperature of the internal combustion engine ICE, the lubricating medium and / or the cooling medium 6 is measured via at least one temperature sensor 7.
    The control unit ECU, for example a motor or hybrid control unit, has various sources of information for calculating remaining operating time, namely voltage and / or current measuring devices 8, 9, at least one internal information memory 10, at least one external information memory 11, at least one acceleration - and / or pedal travel sensor 12 and at least one force orWegaufnehmer 13th
    The voltage and / or current measuring devices 8, 9 are used to determine the charging state of the vehicle battery 2 and the power consumption of all relevant power consumers of the hybrid vehicle 1. The internal information memory 10 may include information on the day and season, on the topography of the driving distance, etc. Current data on weather conditions, c; traRpn7i i "1-anr1 Vpi-kphrdanp Rai iQl-plIpn pIt knnnpn iihpr ripn pyt-prnpn
    Information Store 11 are retrieved. The external information storage 11 may be queried via a wireless communication path via the Internet. The data of the Pedalweg- and / or acceleration sensors 12 are - after evaluation and classification by the electronic control unit ECU - in known manner for determining the driving style and / or the driver type (not part of the invention). About force or displacement sensor 13 on the Fahrzeugaufhängungbzw. on the vehicle suspension, the current vehicle weight can be determined.
    The method is shown schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3.
    In step 20, in a first operating region Bl of the hybrid vehicle 1, the electric machine EM is activated and drives the hybrid vehicle 1 via the drive train 3. The internal combustion engine ICE is deactivated.
    In step 21, the remaining operating time AtR of the electric machine EM is estimated by an algorithm. The estimation of the electrical operating time R is effected as a function of the following parameters: current charge state SOC and / or capacity of the vehicle battery 2; Current or anticipated power consumption Iv of power consumers-e.g. Heating, air conditioning, etc .; Average power consumption IEm of the electric machine EM for a reference route already traveled; • Driving style and / or driver type FT; • weather conditions WT - weather, visibility, precipitation, outside temperature; • Daytime TC daylight, darkness; • topography TP; • road condition SZ- dry, wet, icy; • Traffic situation VL traffic incidents, accidents, construction sites, diversions; • Vehicle weight G - can be measured, for example, by means of load cells on the suspension or displacement transducer on the suspension struts;
    All these influencing factors affect the remaining operating time AtR of the pure electric drive by the electric machine EM.
    On the basis of the determined remaining operating time AtR, scheduled starting time t0 of the internal combustion engine ICE is determined in step 22.
    In step 23, the warm-up period AtH of the internal combustion engine ICE is determined by the latent heat accumulator 4 based on the actual heat capacity of the latent heat accumulator 4 and the current temperature TICE of the internal combustion engineICE or a cooling or lubricating medium of the internal combustion engine ICE, and in step 24 the beginning tH of supplying heat energy from the latent heat accumulator 4 fixed to the internal combustion engine ICE:
    If the determined warm-up time AtH is smaller than the remaining operating time AtR, the start tH of supplying the heat energy from the latent heat storage 4 to the internal combustion engine ICE is selected such that at start time t0 the internal combustion engine ICE has reached a defined minimum operating temperature and at time tH with the warm-up of the internal combustion engine ICE started (step 25). Otherwise, in a step 26 with the supply of heat energy from the latent heat storage to the internal combustion engine ICE started immediately to ensure the best possible preheating of the internal combustion engine ICE. In both cases, the engine IC is started as scheduled at the start time t0 (step 27). After completion of the start phase At0 of the internal combustion engine ICE can - in the case of a parallel hybrid drive - for the opening of the second operating range B2, the drive to the internal combustion engine IC passed and the electric machine EM are disabled. In hybrid series or mixed drive, the electric machine EM remains activated and connected to the powertrain 3.
    The charging of the latent heat accumulator 4 with heat energy can take place during the second operating range B2 by waste heat of the internal combustion engine ICE. The driving profile does not allow storage of the heat energy in the second
    Operating range B2 to so the latent heat storage 4 can also be electrically present plug-in functionality via the local power network by means of the heater 5 are charged with heat energy. Alternatively, the latent heat storage 4 can also be charged during or after the electric ferry operation in the first operating range Bl, in particular if the state of charge SOC of the vehicle battery 2 is high, since then neither recharging via the power network nor activation of the internal combustion engine ICE is likely.
    In FIG. 3, over the time t, a phase of switching from the first operating range B1 to the second operating range B2 is plotted, where A denotes the current time, on the basis of which the remaining operating time EtR of the electric machine EM in the first operating range B1 is determined.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A method for operating a hybrid vehicle (1) having at least one electric machine (EM) and at least one internal combustion engine (ICE), which is driven by the electric machine (EM) at least in a first operating region (Bl) with the internal combustion engine (ICE) stationary in at least one second operating region (B2) the internal combustion engine (ICE) is operated, which is supplied with heat energy from a latent heat store (4) below a minimum operating temperature, characterized in that a remaining operating time (AtR) of the electric machine (EM) in the first operating region (Bl) is estimated as a function of at least one influencing variable and the start (tH) of the supply of heat energy from the latent heat accumulator (4) to the internal combustion engine (ICE) as a function of the remaining operating time (AtR) of the electric drive machine (EM).
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the beginning (tH) of the supply of heat energy from the latent heat accumulator (4), depending on the temperature (TICE) of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and / or a cooling and / or lubricating medium (6) of Internal combustion engine (ICE) takes place.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatat least one influencing variable from the group of current state of charge (SOC) and / or capacity of a vehicle battery (2); average power consumption (IEM) of the electric machine (EM) for a reference path already traveled; Electricity consumption (Iv) currently switched on consumer, current vehicle weight (G), driving style and / or driver type (FT), topography (TP), weather conditions (WT), road condition (SZ), current traffic situation (VL) of the preceding route, day and / or year (TZ) is selected and the remaining operating time (AtR) of the electric machine (EM) in the first operating range (Bl) is determined as a function of at least this influencing variable by means of a computer model.
    [4]
    4. Hybrid vehicle (1), with at least one electric machine (EM) and at least one internal combustion engine (ICE), which is drivable at least in a first operating range (Bl) with the internal combustion engine (ICE) by the electric machine (EM), wherein in at least one second operating range (B2), the internal combustion engine (ICE) is operable to which below a minimum operating temperature heat energy from a latent heat storage (4) can be supplied to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a remaining operating time (AtR) of the electric machine (EM ) is controllable by an ECU depending on at least one influencing quantity, and the start (tH) of supplying heat energy from the latent heat accumulator (4) to the internal combustion engine (ICE) is adjustable depending on the remaining operating time (AtR) of the electric driving machine (EM).
    [5]
    Hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the start (tH) of the supply of heat energy from the latent heat accumulator (4) in dependence on the temperature (TICE) of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and / or a cooling and / or lubricating medium (6) of the internal combustion engine (ICE) by the control unit (ECU) is adjustable, wherein for determining the temperature (TiCE) of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and / or a cooling and / or lubricating medium (6) of the internal combustion engine (ICE) at least one Internal combustion engine (ICE) and / or with the cooling and / or cooling medium (6) connected to the temperature sensor (7) is connected to the control unit (ECU).
    [6]
    6. Hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in thatat least one influencing variable from the group of current state of charge (SOC) and / or capacity of the vehicle battery (2); average power consumption (IEM) of the electric machine (EM) for a reference path already traveled; Electricity consumption (Iv) of the currently switched on electricity consumers, current vehicle weight (G), driving style and / or driver type (FT), topography (TP), weather conditions (WT), road conditions (SZ), current traffic situation (VL) of the preceding route, day and / or season (TZ) is available via at least one information source of the control unit (ECU) and the remaining operating time (EtR) of the electric machine (EM) in the first operating range (Bl) can be determined as a function of at least this influencing variable by means of the control unit (ECU).
    [7]
    7. hybrid vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 6, characterized in that for determining the current state of charge (SOC) and / or the capacity of the vehicle battery (2), the average power consumption (IEm) of the electric machine (EM) for an already traveled reference distance and / or the current power consumption (Iv) of the power consumers of the hybrid vehicle (1), the control unit (ECU) is connected to at least one current and / or voltage sensor (8, 9) as an information source.
    [8]
    8. hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that for determining the current vehicle weight (G) of the hybrid vehicle (1), the control unit (ECU) with at least one force or displacement transducer (3) is connected as an information source.
    [9]
    A hybrid vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that for determining the driving style and / or the driver type (FT), the control unit (ECU) is connected to at least one acceleration sensor and / or pedal travel sensor (12) as an information source.
    [10]
    10. hybrid vehicle (1) according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that for the determination of information about day and / or season (TZ), weather conditions (WT), topography (TP), road condition (SZ) and / or traffic situation ( VL) - the control unit (ECU) with at least one in-vehicle or external information storage (10, 11) is connected as an information source or connectable.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    AT506272B1|2009-04-02|2015-01-15|Avl List Gmbh|METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE|
    AT507916B1|2010-04-29|2012-01-15|Avl List Gmbh|METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE|
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    AT512745B1|2012-03-28|2013-12-15|Avl List Gmbh|Method for determining the capacitance C of an energy storage device|DE102018129337A1|2018-11-21|2020-05-28|Bombardier Transportation Gmbh|vehicle|
    FR3097471B1|2019-06-19|2021-06-18|Psa Automobiles Sa|EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE REGULATION PROCESS IN A COCKPIT WITH A MEANS OF TRANSPORT EQUIPPED WITH AN AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50721/2013A|AT515193B1|2013-11-04|2013-11-04|Method for operating a hybrid vehicle|ATA50721/2013A| AT515193B1|2013-11-04|2013-11-04|Method for operating a hybrid vehicle|
    PCT/EP2014/073629| WO2015063311A1|2013-11-04|2014-11-04|Method for operating a hybrid vehicle|
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